{"id":46916,"date":"2026-10-26T06:34:12","date_gmt":"2026-10-26T06:34:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/zemin-etudu-soil-survey-turkey\/"},"modified":"2026-10-26T06:34:12","modified_gmt":"2026-10-26T06:34:12","slug":"zemin-etudu-soil-survey-turkey","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/fa\/zemin-etudu-soil-survey-turkey\/","title":{"rendered":"Zemin Et\u00fcd\u00fc: Turkey\u2019s Soil and Foundation Report Explained"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"46916\" class=\"elementor elementor-46916 elementor-bc-flex-widget\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-zeminea1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"zeminea1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container 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.ze-step-num{width:44px;height:44px;font-size:1rem}\n  .ze-steps::before{left:21px}\n  .ze-contact{padding:48px 0}\n}\n@media(max-width:480px){.zec{padding:0 14px}}\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"ze\">\n<!-- HERO -->\n<section class=\"ze-hero\">\n  <div class=\"ze-hero-bg\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"ze-hero-pat\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"ze-hero-ov\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"ze-hero-content\">\n    <span class=\"ze-eyebrow\">Building Due Diligence \u00b7 Foreign Buyer Guide \u00b7 Updated October 2026<\/span>\n    <h1>Zemin Et\u00fcd\u00fc: Turkey\u2019s Soil and Foundation Report Explained<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"ze-hero-sub\">Every lawful Turkish building stands on a report almost no buyer ever asks to see. The zemin et\u00fcd\u00fc is what the structural design was calculated from \u2014 and in a seismic country, it is the document that tells you what the ground underneath actually is.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"ze-hero-meta\">\n      <div class=\"ze-hm\">&#128204; <strong>Prepared separately for each parcel<\/strong><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ze-hm\">&#128220; <strong>Tebli\u011f published 9 March 2019<\/strong><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ze-hm\">&#127482;&#127479; <strong>Written for non-resident buyers<\/strong><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<!-- DATA STRIP -->\n<div class=\"ze-strip\">\n  <div class=\"zec\">\n    <div class=\"ze-strip-in\">\n      <div class=\"ze-si\"><span class=\"ze-sv\">Per Parcel<\/span><span class=\"ze-sl\">Scope Of A Soil And Foundation Report<\/span><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ze-si\"><span class=\"ze-sv\">9 Mar 2019<\/span><span class=\"ze-sl\">Tebli\u011f In The Resm\u00ee Gazete<\/span><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ze-si\"><span class=\"ze-sv\">3<\/span><span class=\"ze-sl\">Study Categories In The Tebli\u011f<\/span><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ze-si\"><span class=\"ze-sv\">Statik Proje<\/span><span class=\"ze-sl\">Must Follow The Soil Report<\/span><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- INTRO + QUICK FACTS -->\n<section class=\"zes\">\n  <div class=\"zec\">\n    <div class=\"ze-2col\">\n      <div class=\"ze-body\">\n        <span class=\"zet\">Start Here<\/span>\n        <h2 class=\"ze-title\">The document the structural design was calculated from<\/h2>\n        <p>Buyers looking at a Turkish apartment usually ask about the year of construction, the occupancy permit and the earthquake insurance. Those are all worth asking about. But each of them is downstream of something earlier and more fundamental: what the ground under the building actually is, and what the engineers were told about it before they designed the foundations.<\/p>\n        <p>That question is answered by the <strong>zemin ve temel et\u00fct raporu<\/strong> \u2014 the soil and foundation study report, almost always shortened in conversation to <strong>zemin et\u00fcd\u00fc<\/strong>. The Planl\u0131 Alanlar \u0130mar Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi, Turkey\u2019s zoning regulation for planned areas, defines it in its definitions article as a report prepared <em>separately for each parcel<\/em>, containing the soil investigation data and geotechnical evaluations needed so that the building\u2019s foundation and structural calculations can be carried out, and prepared within the procedures and principles determined by the Ministry.<\/p>\n        <p>Read that definition carefully and two things follow. The first is that it is a <em>per-parcel<\/em> document: it describes one plot, not a neighbourhood. The second is that it exists to make the structural calculations possible. It is not a certificate, a rating or a guarantee. It is the input data.<\/p>\n        <p>Its place in the permit process is set out in the same regulation. The article governing building projects provides that the structural project \u2014 the <em>statik proje<\/em> \u2014 is prepared in accordance with the architectural project <em>and<\/em> the soil and foundation study report, and describes that report as the one forming the basis of the structural project. The articles on building permit procedure separately require the approved geological and geotechnical study report to form part of the documents obtained for new construction, additions and substantial alterations.<\/p>\n        <div class=\"ze-hbox\">\n          <strong>Why this matters to a buyer and not just to an engineer:<\/strong> if the ground was characterised wrongly, or optimistically, every structural calculation downstream of it inherits that error \u2014 and no amount of later paperwork corrects it. The occupancy permit confirms the building matches its approved project. It does not re-open the question of whether the approved project was designed for the right soil.<\/div>\n        <p>This guide explains what the report is, the regulation behind it, who is qualified to produce it, the difference between the parcel-level study and the municipal study people confuse it with, and how a foreign buyer can realistically get sight of one. It sits alongside our guides to <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/turkey-building-age-earthquake-codes\/\">building age and Turkish earthquake codes<\/a> and to <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/imar-durumu-turkey-zoning-check\/\">checking the zoning status of a parcel<\/a>.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div>\n        <div class=\"ze-ov\">\n          <div class=\"ze-ov-head\">\n            <h3>The Soil &amp; Foundation Report &mdash; At A Glance<\/h3>\n            <p>What the regulation says the document is<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div>\n            <div class=\"ze-ov-row\"><span class=\"ze-ol\">Turkish name<\/span><span class=\"ze-or\">Zemin ve temel et&uuml;t raporu<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"ze-ov-row\"><span class=\"ze-ol\">Commonly called<\/span><span class=\"ze-or burg\">Zemin et&uuml;d&uuml;<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"ze-ov-row\"><span class=\"ze-ol\">Defined in<\/span><span class=\"ze-or\">Planl\u0131 Alanlar &#304;mar Y&ouml;netmeli\u011fi<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"ze-ov-row\"><span class=\"ze-ol\">Scope<\/span><span class=\"ze-or burg\">Separately for each parcel<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"ze-ov-row\"><span class=\"ze-ol\">Purpose<\/span><span class=\"ze-or\">Foundation &amp; structural calculations<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"ze-ov-row\"><span class=\"ze-ol\">Feeds into<\/span><span class=\"ze-or burg\">The statik proje<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"ze-ov-row\"><span class=\"ze-ol\">Detailed rules<\/span><span class=\"ze-or\">Tebli\u011f, 9 March 2019<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"ze-ov-row\"><span class=\"ze-ol\">Resm&#238; Gazete no.<\/span><span class=\"ze-or\">30709<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"ze-ov-row\"><span class=\"ze-ol\">Amended by<\/span><span class=\"ze-or\">Tebli\u011f of 17 February 2021<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"ze-ov-row\"><span class=\"ze-ol\">Study categories<\/span><span class=\"ze-or\">Kategori 1, 2 and 3<\/span><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"ze-warn\" style=\"margin-top:16px;\">\n          <strong>Do not accept the municipal study as a substitute.<\/strong> The zoning regulation uses two different expressions \u2014 the approved <em>geological and geotechnical<\/em> study, and the <em>per-parcel soil and foundation<\/em> report. They are different documents, produced at different stages, for different purposes. Being shown one when you asked for the other is the most common confusion in this whole subject.\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<!-- HOW TO CHECK -->\n<section class=\"zes zeg\">\n  <div class=\"zec zect\">\n    <span class=\"zet\">The Sequence<\/span>\n    <h2 class=\"ze-title\">How to actually get sight of one as a buyer<\/h2>\n    <p class=\"ze-sub\">There is no public portal that hands you a soil report the way the parcel enquiry service hands you a parcel. Getting it is a matter of knowing who holds it and asking in the right order.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"zec\">\n    <div class=\"ze-steps\">\n      <div class=\"ze-step\"><div class=\"ze-step-num\">1<\/div><div class=\"ze-step-body\">\n        <h3>Identify the parcel before you ask about the building<\/h3>\n        <p>The report is a per-parcel document, so the first thing you need is the province, district, block (ada) and parcel number. Those come off the title deed, and the parcel can be located independently through the land parcel enquiry service \u2014 see our guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/parsel-sorgu-check-turkish-land-parcel-online\/\">parsel sorgu<\/a>. Asking for the soil report without the parcel reference wastes everybody\u2019s time.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ze-step\"><div class=\"ze-step-num\">2<\/div><div class=\"ze-step-body\">\n        <h3>Establish the construction permit date<\/h3>\n        <p>The soil study regime has changed over the decades, and the rules that applied to a given building are the rules in force when its permit was issued. A building permitted under an older framework was not produced under the 2019 Tebli\u011f, and expecting its report to match today\u2019s format will only confuse the conversation. Our guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/turkey-building-age-earthquake-codes\/\">building age and earthquake codes<\/a> sets out how to establish and read that date.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ze-step\"><div class=\"ze-step-num\">3<\/div><div class=\"ze-step-body\">\n        <h3>Ask the seller or the building management first<\/h3>\n        <p>For a completed building the report is part of the permit file, and a copy very often sits with the developer, the original owner or the building management. This is by far the quickest route and it costs nothing to ask. A seller who has the full project file and will share it is telling you something useful about the building; a seller who is evasive about it is telling you something too.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ze-step\"><div class=\"ze-step-num\">4<\/div><div class=\"ze-step-body\">\n        <h3>Then approach the administration that issued the permit<\/h3>\n        <p>Failing that, the permit file sits with the administration that issued the building permit, normally the municipality. What a non-owner can obtain, and on what basis, is a matter for that administration \u2014 in practice this is done with the owner\u2019s written authority or through a Turkish lawyer acting under a power of attorney. Do not assume a walk-in request from a prospective buyer will be granted.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ze-step\"><div class=\"ze-step-num\">5<\/div><div class=\"ze-step-body\">\n        <h3>For off-plan, make it a contractual deliverable<\/h3>\n        <p>If you are buying before completion you are in a much stronger position, because you can simply require the report as a document to be supplied. Add it to the list alongside the building permit and the approved project. Our guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/buying-off-plan-property-in-turkey\/\">buying off-plan in Turkey<\/a> covers the documents worth insisting on before you sign.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ze-step\"><div class=\"ze-step-num\">6<\/div><div class=\"ze-step-body\">\n        <h3>Have an engineer read it, not an agent<\/h3>\n        <p>A soil and foundation report is a technical document of field investigations, laboratory testing, engineering analysis and recommendations. It is not written to be skimmed by a buyer, and a summary from someone selling you the property is not a reading of it. If the purchase is large enough to matter, instruct your own independent civil or geotechnical engineer.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ze-step\"><div class=\"ze-step-num\">7<\/div><div class=\"ze-step-body\">\n        <h3>Treat an absent report as a question, not a verdict<\/h3>\n        <p>If no report can be produced, that does not automatically mean none exists \u2014 files get lost, companies dissolve, decades pass. But it does mean a gap you cannot close with documents, and it should push you towards a structural assessment of the building as it stands today. It is also worth checking whether the building was regularised rather than permitted in the ordinary way: see <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/yapi-kayit-belgesi-turkey\/\">yap\u0131 kay\u0131t belgesi<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<!-- WHAT IT COVERS -->\n<section class=\"zes\">\n  <div class=\"zec zect\">\n    <span class=\"zet\">The Framework<\/span>\n    <h2 class=\"ze-title\">Six things the regulation establishes about the report<\/h2>\n    <p class=\"ze-sub\">Each of these comes from the zoning regulation itself or from the Ministry Tebli\u011f that sets out how the studies are carried out and reported.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"zec\">\n    <div class=\"ze-protect\">\n      <div class=\"ze-pc\"><span class=\"ze-pc-icon\">&#128204;<\/span><h3>One parcel, one report<\/h3><p>The zoning regulation defines the report as being prepared separately for each parcel. A study covering a wider area is a different instrument, and it does not discharge the parcel-level requirement.<\/p><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ze-pc\"><span class=\"ze-pc-icon\">&#128208;<\/span><h3>It exists to enable the calculations<\/h3><p>Its stated purpose is to carry the soil investigation data and geotechnical evaluations needed for the building\u2019s foundation and structural calculations. The structural project is prepared in accordance with it.<\/p><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ze-pc\"><span class=\"ze-pc-icon\">&#128203;<\/span><h3>Three study categories<\/h3><p>The Ministry Tebli\u011f organises studies into Kategori 1, Kategori 2 and Kategori 3, with the scope of the work and the reporting requirements differing between them.<\/p><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ze-pc\"><span class=\"ze-pc-icon\">&#128300;<\/span><h3>Defined professional disciplines<\/h3><p>As amended in February 2021, Kategori 2 and Kategori 3 studies are carried out by civil engineers, geological engineers and geophysical engineers. Kategori 1 work in the ZA and ZB local soil class groups is carried out by geological engineers.<\/p><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ze-pc\"><span class=\"ze-pc-icon\">&#127754;<\/span><h3>Shear wave velocity is explicit<\/h3><p>The amended Tebli\u011f names the V<sub>S30<\/sub> shear wave velocity among the design study parameters, and conditions part of the Kategori 1 scope on geophysical profiles showing V<sub>S30<\/sub> above 360 m\/s.<\/p><\/div>\n      <div class=\"ze-pc\"><span class=\"ze-pc-icon\">&#9881;&#65039;<\/span><h3>It also drives the excavation permit<\/h3><p>For structures of a special nature, the regulation provides that the excavation permit (kaz\u0131 izni) is issued on the basis of the approved architectural project and the soil study report, setting out excavation conditions and safety measures.<\/p><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<!-- THE CONFUSION -->\n<section class=\"zes zeg\">\n  <div class=\"zec\">\n    <div class=\"ze-body\" style=\"max-width:820px;margin:0 auto;\">\n      <span class=\"zet\">The Distinction<\/span>\n      <h2 class=\"ze-title\">Two different studies, routinely confused<\/h2>\n      <p>If you ask about ground conditions in Turkey you will be given one of two answers, and they are not interchangeable. The zoning regulation itself uses both expressions, in different articles and for different purposes.<\/p>\n\n      <h3>The approved geological and geotechnical study<\/h3>\n      <p>This is the study referred to in the regulation\u2019s building permit procedure, where the approved geological and geotechnical study report forms part of the documents obtained for new construction, additions and substantial alterations, and where a copy accompanies the zoning status document issued by the administration. It is produced at the planning level and underpins what may be built where. It is about an area.<\/p>\n\n      <h3>The per-parcel soil and foundation report<\/h3>\n      <p>This is the document defined in the regulation\u2019s definitions article \u2014 prepared separately for each parcel, carrying the soil investigation data and geotechnical evaluations needed for the foundation and structural calculations of a specific building. It is produced at the design and permit stage for that building. It is about a plot and the thing being built on it.<\/p>\n      <p>Both can be entirely in order, and the second is the one that was used to design the foundations of the apartment you are considering. A buyer who is shown the first and told it answers the question has not had the question answered. When you ask, name the document: the <em>zemin ve temel et\u00fct raporu<\/em> for that parcel.<\/p>\n\n      <h3>What the report is not<\/h3>\n      <p>It is worth being precise about the limits, because soil reports are sometimes offered as reassurance they cannot provide. The report characterises ground conditions and makes geotechnical recommendations. It does not certify that a building is safe. Whether a structure performs in an earthquake depends on the design code it was built to, the quality of the construction, the alterations made since, and its condition now \u2014 none of which a soil report speaks to. For an existing building those questions belong to a structural engineer\u2019s assessment, and the regulatory background is in our guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/turkey-building-age-earthquake-codes\/\">building age and earthquake codes<\/a>.<\/p>\n      <p>Nor does it substitute for the ordinary legal checks. A technically excellent building can still sit on a parcel with a zoning problem, no occupancy permit, or an annotation on the title. Those are separate enquiries \u2014 see <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/habitation-certificate-turkey-iskan\/\">the habitation certificate (iskan)<\/a> and our round-up of <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/buying-property-in-turkey-pitfalls\/\">the pitfalls foreign buyers still fall into<\/a>.<\/p>\n      <p>Finally, the report matters in one more context people rarely connect to it. Where a building is assessed as risky and enters the urban transformation process, ground conditions are part of what the replacement building has to be designed for. If you are buying into a block that may be redeveloped, the ground beneath it is not a historical curiosity \u2014 see <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/kentsel-donusum-urban-transformation-turkey\/\">kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"ze-warn\">\n        <strong>A note on figures.<\/strong> This guide sets out what the regulation and the Ministry Tebli\u011f establish. It deliberately does not quote the cost of commissioning a study, how long one takes, the number or depth of boreholes a given plot needs, or the numeric thresholds that place a particular building in one category rather than another. Those depend on the site and on the current text of the Tebli\u011f and its annexes. Confirm them with a licensed Turkish engineer and check the current regulation before relying on any figure.\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<!-- COMPARISON -->\n<section class=\"zes\">\n  <div class=\"zec zect\">\n    <span class=\"zet\">Side By Side<\/span>\n    <h2 class=\"ze-title\">The two studies, and the documents that sit around them<\/h2>\n    <p class=\"ze-sub\">A short map of which document answers which question, so you can ask for the right one by name.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"zec\">\n    <div class=\"ze-compare-wrap\">\n      <table class=\"ze-compare\">\n        <thead>\n          <tr>\n            <th>Document<\/th>\n            <th>Turkish name<\/th>\n            <th>What it covers<\/th>\n            <th>Parcel-specific?<\/th>\n            <th>What it tells a buyer<\/th>\n          <\/tr>\n        <\/thead>\n        <tbody>\n          <tr><td><strong>Soil &amp; foundation report<\/strong><\/td><td>Zemin ve temel et&uuml;t raporu<\/td><td>Soil investigation data and geotechnical evaluations for the foundation and structural calculations<\/td><td class=\"yes\">Yes &mdash; separately for each parcel<\/td><td>What the ground under this specific building was assessed to be<\/td><\/tr>\n          <tr><td><strong>Geological &amp; geotechnical study<\/strong><\/td><td>Jeolojik ve jeoteknik et&uuml;t raporu<\/td><td>The approved area-level study referenced in the building permit procedure<\/td><td class=\"no\">No &mdash; area level<\/td><td>What the wider area was assessed to be, for planning purposes<\/td><\/tr>\n          <tr><td><strong>Structural project<\/strong><\/td><td>Statik proje<\/td><td>The structural design, prepared in accordance with the architectural project and the soil report<\/td><td class=\"yes\">Yes<\/td><td>How the building was actually designed to carry its loads<\/td><\/tr>\n          <tr><td><strong>Zoning status document<\/strong><\/td><td>&#304;mar durum belgesi<\/td><td>What may be built on the parcel; issued with a copy of the approved geological and geotechnical study<\/td><td class=\"yes\">Yes<\/td><td>Whether the building is consistent with what the parcel permits<\/td><\/tr>\n          <tr><td><strong>Excavation permit<\/strong><\/td><td>Kaz\u0131 izni<\/td><td>For structures of a special nature; issued on the architectural project and the soil report<\/td><td class=\"yes\">Yes<\/td><td>That excavation conditions and safety measures were formally set<\/td><\/tr>\n          <tr><td><strong>Occupancy permit<\/strong><\/td><td>Yap\u0131 kullanma izin belgesi (iskan)<\/td><td>Confirms the completed building matches its approved project<\/td><td class=\"yes\">Yes<\/td><td>That the building was signed off as built to its permit &mdash; not that the design was right<\/td><\/tr>\n        <\/tbody>\n      <\/table>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"ze-body\" style=\"max-width:820px;margin:32px auto 0;\">\n      <p>The detailed rules on how the studies are carried out and reported sit in the Ministry Tebli\u011f on the application principles and report format for soil and foundation studies, published in the Resm\u00ee Gazete of 9 March 2019, number 30709. It was amended by a further Tebli\u011f of the Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation published in the Resm\u00ee Gazete of 17 February 2021, number 31398, which entered into force on the date of its publication.<\/p>\n      <p>That 2021 amendment is the one worth knowing about, because it touched exactly the parts a reader would care about: the scope of Kategori 1 studies, the design study parameters, the provisions on boreholes, geophysical investigations and field tests, and the requirement for a supplementary report following control studies. It also set out which engineering disciplines carry out which category of study, with Kategori 2 and Kategori 3 studies carried out by civil engineers, geological engineers and geophysical engineers.<\/p>\n      <p>If you are buying land rather than a finished building, the position is different again and the study is something you will be commissioning rather than inspecting. The obligations that come with a plot are covered in our guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/land-for-sale-in-turkey\/\">buying land in Turkey<\/a>. And whatever the ground turns out to be, compulsory earthquake cover is a separate requirement that has to be in place before title can transfer \u2014 see <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/dask-earthquake-insurance-turkey\/\">DASK<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<!-- CTA -->\n<div class=\"ze-cta-strip\">\n  <div class=\"zec\">\n    <div class=\"ze-cta-in\">\n      <div>\n        <h3>Want the building file checked before you commit?<\/h3>\n        <p>We work with licensed Turkish engineers and conveyancers on permit files, project documents and the technical checks that are easier to run before a payment than after one.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/contact\/\" class=\"zebtn\">Speak to Our Team &rarr;<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- FAQ -->\n<section class=\"zes\">\n  <div class=\"zec zect\">\n    <span class=\"zet\">FAQ<\/span>\n    <h2 class=\"ze-title\">Zemin et\u00fcd\u00fc \u2014 frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n    <p class=\"ze-sub\">The questions buyers ask most often about Turkish soil and foundation studies, and what the documents do and do not prove.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"zec\">\n    <div class=\"ze-faq-list\">\n      <div class=\"ze-faq-item\">\n        <div class=\"ze-faq-q\" onclick=\"zeFaq(this)\">What is a zemin et\u00fcd\u00fc?<span class=\"ze-faq-icon\">+<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"ze-faq-a\">It is the soil and foundation study carried out for a building plot, recorded in a report the Turkish zoning regulation calls the zemin ve temel et\u00fct raporu. The Planl\u0131 Alanlar \u0130mar Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi defines it in its definitions article as a report prepared separately for each parcel, containing the soil investigation data and geotechnical evaluations needed for the building\u2019s foundation and structural calculations, and prepared within the procedures and principles determined by the Ministry. In short, it is the ground data the structural design was calculated from, for one specific plot.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ze-faq-item\">\n        <div class=\"ze-faq-q\" onclick=\"zeFaq(this)\">Is a soil study required before a Turkish building permit is issued?<span class=\"ze-faq-icon\">+<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"ze-faq-a\">The regulation ties the permit documents to it. The article on building projects provides that the structural project, the statik proje, is prepared in accordance with the architectural project and the soil and foundation study report, and describes that report as forming the basis of the structural project. The articles on building permit procedure separately require the approved geological and geotechnical study report to be among the documents obtained for new construction, additions and substantial alterations. Which specific documents a given administration requires should be confirmed locally.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ze-faq-item\">\n        <div class=\"ze-faq-q\" onclick=\"zeFaq(this)\">Who is qualified to carry out a soil and foundation study?<span class=\"ze-faq-icon\">+<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"ze-faq-a\">The Ministry Tebli\u011f on the application principles and report format, as amended by the Tebli\u011f published in the Resm\u00ee Gazete of 17 February 2021 number 31398, sets this out by study category. Kategori 2 and Kategori 3 studies are carried out by civil engineers, geological engineers and geophysical engineers. Within Kategori 1, work falling in the ZA and ZB local soil class groups is carried out by geological engineers, and work in the other local soil class groups by geological and geophysical engineers.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ze-faq-item\">\n        <div class=\"ze-faq-q\" onclick=\"zeFaq(this)\">Is the municipality\u2019s geological study the same thing as the parcel soil report?<span class=\"ze-faq-icon\">+<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"ze-faq-a\">No, and this is the most common confusion in the subject. The zoning regulation uses two distinct expressions. The approved geological and geotechnical study is the area-level study referenced in the building permit procedure, a copy of which accompanies the zoning status document. The soil and foundation report is defined separately as being prepared for each parcel individually, to enable the foundation and structural calculations of a specific building. If you want to know about the ground under one block, ask for the second document by name.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ze-faq-item\">\n        <div class=\"ze-faq-q\" onclick=\"zeFaq(this)\">Can I see the soil report for an apartment I am thinking of buying?<span class=\"ze-faq-icon\">+<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"ze-faq-a\">Often, but not through a public portal. For a completed building the report forms part of the permit file, and a copy frequently sits with the developer, the original owner or the building management, which is the quickest route and costs nothing to ask. Otherwise the file is held by the administration that issued the building permit. What a prospective buyer rather than an owner can obtain depends on that administration, and in practice it is done with the owner\u2019s written authority or through a Turkish lawyer acting under a power of attorney.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ze-faq-item\">\n        <div class=\"ze-faq-q\" onclick=\"zeFaq(this)\">Does a soil report mean the building is earthquake safe?<span class=\"ze-faq-icon\">+<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"ze-faq-a\">No. The report characterises ground conditions and makes geotechnical recommendations so that the foundations and structure can be designed. It does not certify the finished building. How a structure actually performs depends on the design code in force when it was permitted, the quality of construction, alterations made since, and its present condition. For an existing building those questions belong to a structural engineer\u2019s assessment, and compulsory earthquake insurance is a separate requirement again.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<!-- FURTHER READING -->\n<section class=\"zes zeg\">\n  <div class=\"zec zect\">\n    <span class=\"zet\">Keep Reading<\/span>\n    <h2 class=\"ze-title\">Where to go next<\/h2>\n    <p class=\"ze-sub\">The rest of our building and due diligence library, from permits and zoning to earthquake codes and insurance.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"zec\">\n    <div class=\"ze-body\" style=\"max-width:820px;margin:0 auto;\">\n      <ul>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/turkey-building-age-earthquake-codes\/\">Building age and earthquake codes<\/a> &mdash; the regulation generations, and what a permit date really tells you.<\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/imar-durumu-turkey-zoning-check\/\">\u0130mar durumu<\/a> &mdash; how to check what can legally be built on a Turkish parcel.<\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/parsel-sorgu-check-turkish-land-parcel-online\/\">Parsel sorgu<\/a> &mdash; locating and checking a Turkish land parcel online.<\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/habitation-certificate-turkey-iskan\/\">The habitation certificate<\/a> &mdash; what iskan confirms, and what it does not.<\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/yapi-kayit-belgesi-turkey\/\">Yap\u0131 kay\u0131t belgesi<\/a> &mdash; what it means when a property has no building permit.<\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/buying-off-plan-property-in-turkey\/\">Buying off-plan in Turkey<\/a> &mdash; the documents worth insisting on before you sign.<\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/land-for-sale-in-turkey\/\">Land for sale in Turkey<\/a> &mdash; what foreign buyers need to know before buying a plot.<\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/dask-earthquake-insurance-turkey\/\">DASK earthquake insurance<\/a> &mdash; the compulsory cover that has to be in place before transfer.<\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/turkey-property-guides\/\">All Turkey property guides<\/a> &mdash; the full library for foreign buyers and owners.<\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<!-- CONTACT -->\n<section class=\"ze-contact\" id=\"ze-contact\">\n  <div class=\"zec\">\n    <div class=\"ze-contact-inner\">\n      <div>\n        <span style=\"display:inline-block;background:rgba(255,255,255,.15);color:#fff!important;font-size:.68rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:5px 15px;border-radius:100px;margin-bottom:18px;\">Buy With Confidence<\/span>\n        <h2 style=\"font-family:'Playfair Display',serif;font-size:clamp(1.5rem,4vw,2.1rem);color:#fff!important;margin-bottom:10px;line-height:1.2;\">Have the building checked, not just the apartment<\/h2>\n        <p style=\"color:rgba(255,255,255,.72)!important;font-size:.93rem;line-height:1.75;margin-bottom:24px;\">Tell us the property you are considering and we will help you assemble the permit file \u2014 project documents, zoning status, occupancy permit and the soil and foundation report \u2014 and put the technical reading in front of a licensed Turkish engineer rather than an agent.<\/p>\n        <div class=\"ze-contact-meta\">\n          <div class=\"ze-ci\"><span>&#128220;<\/span><span class=\"ze-ci-text\"><strong style=\"color:#fff!important;display:block;margin-bottom:2px;\">Title &amp;amp; Due Diligence<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/legal-services\/\">Legal services &rarr;<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ze-ci\"><span>&#127970;<\/span><span class=\"ze-ci-text\"><strong style=\"color:#fff!important;display:block;margin-bottom:2px;\">Buying In Turkey<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/buyer-guide\/\">Buyer\u2019s guide &rarr;<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"ze-ci\"><span>&#127758;<\/span><span class=\"ze-ci-text\"><strong style=\"color:#fff!important;display:block;margin-bottom:2px;\">Offices<\/strong><span>Dubai \u00b7 Istanbul \u00b7 Moscow<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div style=\"margin-top:24px;\">\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/contact\/\" class=\"zebg\">Get in Touch &rarr;<\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ze-form-wrap\">\n        <iframe aria-label=\"Contact Us\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:520px;width:100%;border:none;display:block;\" data-src=\"https:\/\/forms.zohopublic.com\/elchintru1\/form\/ContactUs\/formperma\/_DensyNXfgDItjE-TsZ92uQERcSIhTnizr-QPf3wrBk\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" data-load-mode=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<div class=\"ze-footer-strip\">\n  &copy; 2026 TruProperty Turkey &middot; Dubai &middot; Istanbul &middot; Moscow<br>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/turkey-property-guides\/\">Property Guides<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/buyer-guide\/\">Buyer\u2019s Guide<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/contact\/\">Contact<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"What is a zemin et\u00fcd\u00fc?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"It is the soil and foundation study carried out for a building plot, recorded in a report the Turkish zoning regulation calls the zemin ve temel et\u00fct raporu. The Planl\u0131 Alanlar \u0130mar Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi defines it in its definitions article as a report prepared separately for each parcel, containing the soil investigation data and geotechnical evaluations needed for the building\u2019s foundation and structural calculations, and prepared within the procedures and principles determined by the Ministry. In short, it is the ground data the structural design was calculated from, for one specific plot.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Is a soil study required before a Turkish building permit is issued?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"The regulation ties the permit documents to it. The article on building projects provides that the structural project, the statik proje, is prepared in accordance with the architectural project and the soil and foundation study report, and describes that report as forming the basis of the structural project. The articles on building permit procedure separately require the approved geological and geotechnical study report to be among the documents obtained for new construction, additions and substantial alterations. Which specific documents a given administration requires should be confirmed locally.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Who is qualified to carry out a soil and foundation study?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"The Ministry Tebli\u011f on the application principles and report format, as amended by the Tebli\u011f published in the Resm\u00ee Gazete of 17 February 2021 number 31398, sets this out by study category. Kategori 2 and Kategori 3 studies are carried out by civil engineers, geological engineers and geophysical engineers. 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If you want to know about the ground under one block, ask for the second document by name.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Can I see the soil report for an apartment I am thinking of buying?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"Often, but not through a public portal. For a completed building the report forms part of the permit file, and a copy frequently sits with the developer, the original owner or the building management, which is the quickest route and costs nothing to ask. Otherwise the file is held by the administration that issued the building permit. What a prospective buyer rather than an owner can obtain depends on that administration, and in practice it is done with the owner\u2019s written authority or through a Turkish lawyer acting under a power of attorney.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Does a soil report mean the building is earthquake safe?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"No. The report characterises ground conditions and makes geotechnical recommendations so that the foundations and structure can be designed. It does not certify the finished building. How a structure actually performs depends on the design code in force when it was permitted, the quality of construction, alterations made since, and its present condition. For an existing building those questions belong to a structural engineer\u2019s assessment, and compulsory earthquake insurance is a separate requirement again.\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}\n<\/script>\n\n<script>\nfunction zeFaq(el){var item=el.parentElement;var wasOpen=item.classList.contains('ze-open');document.querySelectorAll('.ze-faq-item.ze-open').forEach(function(i){i.classList.remove('ze-open');});if(!wasOpen)item.classList.add('ze-open');}\n(function(){function init(){var w=document.querySelector('.ze');if(!w)return;var e=w.parentElement;while(e&&e!==document.documentElement){e.style.setProperty('padding-left','0px','important');e.style.setProperty('padding-right','0px','important');e.style.setProperty('padding-top','0px','important');e.style.setProperty('overflow','visible','important');e.style.setProperty('max-width','none','important');e=e.parentElement;}['.post-header-wrap','.post-thumbnail-wrap'].forEach(function(s){var el=document.querySelector(s);if(el)el.style.setProperty('display','none','important');});document.body.style.setProperty('overflow-x','hidden','important');}document.readyState==='loading'?document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',init):init();})();\n<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Every lawful Turkish building was designed from a per-parcel soil and foundation report. 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