{"id":46806,"date":"2026-08-29T06:20:46","date_gmt":"2026-08-29T06:20:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/habitation-certificate-turkey-iskan\/"},"modified":"2026-08-29T06:20:46","modified_gmt":"2026-08-29T06:20:46","slug":"habitation-certificate-turkey-iskan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/fa\/habitation-certificate-turkey-iskan\/","title":{"rendered":"Iskan in Turkey: The Habitation Certificate Explained"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"46806\" class=\"elementor elementor-46806 elementor-bc-flex-widget\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-hca2b3c4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"hca2b3c4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container 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*\/\n.hc-contact{background:#3d001e;padding:60px 0}\n.hc-contact-inner{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1.4fr;gap:52px;align-items:start}\n.hc-contact-meta{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:14px;margin-top:20px}\n.hc-ci{display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:flex-start}\n.hc-ci span:first-child{font-size:1.1rem;flex-shrink:0;margin-top:2px}\n.hc-ci-text{font-size:.86rem;color:rgba(255,255,255,.7)!important;line-height:1.5}\n.hc-ci a{color:rgba(255,255,255,.9)!important;text-decoration:underline!important}\n.hc-form-wrap{background:rgba(255,255,255,.05);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);border-radius:14px;overflow:hidden}\n.hc-footer-strip{background:#660033;color:rgba(255,255,255,.8)!important;text-align:center;padding:14px 20px;font-size:.75rem;line-height:1.6}\n.hc-footer-strip a{color:rgba(255,255,255,.8)!important}\n\n\/* RESPONSIVE *\/\n@media(max-width:960px){\n  .hc-strip-in{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}\n  .hc-protect{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}\n  .hc-2col{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:36px}\n  .hc-contact-inner{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:36px}\n  .hc-cta-in{flex-direction:column;text-align:center}\n}\n@media(max-width:640px){\n  .hcc{padding:0 16px}\n  .hcs{padding:44px 0}\n  .hc-hero{min-height:auto}\n  .hc-hero-content{padding:48px 16px 56px}\n  .hc-hero h1{font-size:clamp(1.75rem,7.5vw,2.5rem)}\n  .hc-protect{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:12px}\n  .hc-strip-in{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}\n  .hc-title{font-size:clamp(1.4rem,6vw,1.85rem)}\n  .hc-step{gap:14px}\n  .hc-step-num{width:44px;height:44px;font-size:1rem}\n  .hc-steps::before{left:21px}\n  .hc-contact{padding:48px 0}\n}\n@media(max-width:480px){.hcc{padding:0 14px}}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"hc\">\n<section class=\"hc-hero\">\n  <div class=\"hc-hero-bg\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"hc-hero-pat\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"hc-hero-ov\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"hc-hero-content\">\n    <span class=\"hc-eyebrow\">Title &amp; Documents<\/span>\n    <h1>Iskan in Turkey: The Habitation Certificate Explained<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"hc-hero-sub\">A Turkish title deed proves you own something. The habitation certificate &mdash; <em>iskan<\/em> &mdash; proves the something is legally finished and fit to live in. Buyers who check only the first document are the ones who cannot get the electricity connected.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"hc-hero-meta\">\n      <div class=\"hc-hm\"><span>&#128197;<\/span><span>Updated <strong>August 2026<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n      <div class=\"hc-hm\"><span>&#127963;&#65039;<\/span><span>By <strong>TruProperty Turkey<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n      <div class=\"hc-hm\"><span>&#9201;&#65039;<\/span><span>Read <strong>12 min<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<div class=\"hc-strip\">\n  <div class=\"hcc\">\n    <div class=\"hc-strip-in\">\n      <div class=\"hc-si\"><span class=\"hc-sv\">2<\/span><span class=\"hc-sl\">Types of iskan: building-wide and per unit<\/span><\/div>\n      <div class=\"hc-si\"><span class=\"hc-sv\">Art. 30<\/span><span class=\"hc-sl\">Zoning Law No. 3194, the legal basis<\/span><\/div>\n      <div class=\"hc-si\"><span class=\"hc-sv\">1985<\/span><span class=\"hc-sl\">The law has been in force since<\/span><\/div>\n      <div class=\"hc-si\"><span class=\"hc-sv\">0<\/span><span class=\"hc-sl\">Permanent utility connections without it<\/span><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<section class=\"hcs\">\n  <div class=\"hcc\">\n    <div class=\"hc-2col\">\n      <div>\n        <span class=\"hct\">The Document<\/span>\n        <h2 class=\"hc-title\">What iskan actually is<\/h2>\n        <div class=\"hc-body\">\n          <p><strong>Iskan<\/strong> is the everyday Turkish word for the <em>yap&#305; kullanma izin belgesi<\/em> &mdash; literally the &ldquo;building use permit,&rdquo; and usually translated into English as the habitation certificate or occupancy permit. It is the document a municipality issues when a completed building has been inspected and found to match the project that was approved before construction started.<\/p>\n          <p>Its legal basis is Article 30 of Zoning Law No. 3194 (<em>&#304;mar Kanunu<\/em>), dated 9 May 1985. That law sets up the two-permit structure that governs almost every building in Turkey: under Article 20 you need a building permit (<em>yap&#305; ruhsat&#305;<\/em>) before you may construct anything, and under Article 30 you need an occupancy permit before the finished building may lawfully be used. The relevant district municipality (<em>il&ccedil;e belediyesi<\/em>) issues both.<\/p>\n          <p>The distinction that matters to a buyer is this: <strong>the title deed and the habitation certificate answer different questions.<\/strong> The <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/tapu-title-deed-turkey\/\">tapu<\/a> tells you who owns the property and what is registered against it. The iskan tells you whether the building was actually completed in accordance with its approved project and signed off as fit for use. A property can have an impeccable title deed and no habitation certificate at all &mdash; and that combination is far more common in Turkey than most foreign buyers expect.<\/p>\n          <p>There are two forms of it, and confusing them is a genuine trap:<\/p>\n          <ul>\n            <li><strong>Building iskan (<em>genel iskan<\/em>)<\/strong> &mdash; issued for the building as a whole, confirming the completed structure complies with its approved project.<\/li>\n            <li><strong>Unit iskan (<em>ferdi iskan<\/em>)<\/strong> &mdash; issued for an individual apartment within a building, confirming that specific unit.<\/li>\n          <\/ul>\n          <p>A seller may tell you truthfully that &ldquo;the apartment has iskan&rdquo; while the building as a whole does not, or that the building has iskan while your specific unit has never been individually certified. Both statements can be technically accurate and still leave you with a problem. Ask which one exists, and ask to see it.<\/p>\n          <div class=\"hc-hbox\">\n            <strong>The one-line test.<\/strong> If a seller cannot produce the habitation certificate, the correct assumption is not that it has been mislaid. It is that the building does not have one, and you need to find out why before you go any further.\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div>\n        <div class=\"hc-ov\">\n          <div class=\"hc-ov-head\">\n            <h3>Iskan at a glance<\/h3>\n            <p>The habitation certificate in summary<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"hc-ov-row\"><span class=\"hc-ol\">Turkish name<\/span><span class=\"hc-or\">Yap&#305; kullanma izin belgesi<\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"hc-ov-row\"><span class=\"hc-ol\">Common name<\/span><span class=\"hc-or burg\">&#304;skan<\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"hc-ov-row\"><span class=\"hc-ol\">Legal basis<\/span><span class=\"hc-or\">Zoning Law No. 3194, Art. 30<\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"hc-ov-row\"><span class=\"hc-ol\">Law dated<\/span><span class=\"hc-or\">9 May 1985<\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"hc-ov-row\"><span class=\"hc-ol\">Issued by<\/span><span class=\"hc-or\">District municipality<\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"hc-ov-row\"><span class=\"hc-ol\">Building-wide form<\/span><span class=\"hc-or\">Genel iskan<\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"hc-ov-row\"><span class=\"hc-ol\">Per-unit form<\/span><span class=\"hc-or\">Ferdi iskan<\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"hc-ov-row\"><span class=\"hc-ol\">Prerequisite permit<\/span><span class=\"hc-or\">Yap&#305; ruhsat&#305; (Art. 20)<\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"hc-ov-row\"><span class=\"hc-ol\">Needed for full title<\/span><span class=\"hc-or\">Yes &mdash; kat m&uuml;lkiyeti<\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"hc-ov-row\"><span class=\"hc-ol\">Needed for utilities<\/span><span class=\"hc-or\">Yes &mdash; permanent supply<\/span><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"hc-warn\">\n          <strong>Do not accept a photograph.<\/strong> Ask for the certificate itself and have your lawyer verify it against the municipality&rsquo;s own records and against the specific unit you are buying. Fees, penalties and processing times attached to iskan applications are set locally and change &mdash; confirm current figures with a licensed Turkish adviser rather than relying on any published estimate.\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<section class=\"hcs hcg\">\n  <div class=\"hcc\">\n    <span class=\"hct\">The Consequences<\/span>\n    <h2 class=\"hc-title\">What a missing habitation certificate actually costs you<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"hc-body\">\n      <p>It is tempting to treat iskan as paperwork &mdash; a formality the developer will get round to. It is not. A building without a habitation certificate is legally unfinished, and that status has consequences that reach into daily life and into the value of the asset.<\/p>\n      <p><strong>You cannot get permanent utilities.<\/strong> This is the one people feel first. A property without iskan cannot be connected to permanent residential electricity, water or natural gas. What exists instead is the temporary construction connection (<em>&#351;antiye<\/em>) that the developer arranged during building works. Construction tariffs are charged at a higher rate than residential ones, so you pay more for the same energy &mdash; indefinitely. And the arrangement is not secure: where the certificate is not obtained within the permitted period, utility providers are entitled to suspend supply.<\/p>\n      <p><strong>Your ownership is a lesser form of ownership.<\/strong> Turkish law distinguishes between <em>kat irtifak&#305;<\/em> (construction servitude) and <em>kat m&uuml;lkiyeti<\/em> (condominium ownership). Kat irtifak&#305; applies while a building is unfinished: your right is expressed as a share in the land (<em>arsa pay&#305;<\/em>) rather than as outright ownership of a defined apartment. Kat m&uuml;lkiyeti is the finished article, where each independent unit is a separate ownership unit on the deed. The habitation certificate is among the essential conditions for converting one into the other. No iskan, no kat m&uuml;lkiyeti.<\/p>\n      <p><strong>Mortgage lending gets difficult.<\/strong> Turkish banks lend against completed, certified buildings. Where the habitation certificate is absent, financing becomes materially harder to arrange &mdash; which matters twice over, because it also restricts the pool of buyers who can purchase from you later. If you expect to finance the purchase, read our guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/mortgage-in-turkey-for-foreigners\/\">getting a mortgage in Turkey as a foreign buyer<\/a> alongside this one.<\/p>\n      <p><strong>Short-term letting may be closed to you.<\/strong> Turkey&rsquo;s short-term rental permit regime requires the building to be properly certified. An apartment you bought as a holiday-let investment can turn out to be an apartment you are not permitted to let on that basis. Our guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/renting-out-property-in-turkey\/\">renting out property in Turkey<\/a> sets out the wider rules owners keep missing.<\/p>\n      <p><strong>And resale is harder.<\/strong> Every one of the constraints above transfers to whoever buys from you. Informed buyers discount for it; lenders will not fund it; and the pool of people willing to take on an uncertified building is smaller than the pool who want a certified one.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"hc-warn\">\n        <strong>Why buildings end up without iskan.<\/strong> Usually one of three reasons: the developer built something that deviates from the approved project and cannot pass inspection; outstanding obligations to the municipality or utilities were never settled; or the project was simply abandoned mid-process. None of those is your problem to inherit &mdash; but it becomes your problem the moment you complete. Missing occupancy permits are one of the <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/buying-property-in-turkey-pitfalls\/\">recurring pitfalls foreign buyers fall into<\/a>.\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<section class=\"hcs\">\n  <div class=\"hcc hcct\">\n    <span class=\"hct\">Due Diligence<\/span>\n    <h2 class=\"hc-title\">How to check the iskan before you buy<\/h2>\n    <p class=\"hc-sub\">Six checks, in order. None of them is expensive. All of them are cheaper than discovering the answer after completion.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"hcc\">\n    <div class=\"hc-steps\">\n      <div class=\"hc-step\">\n        <div class=\"hc-step-num\">1<\/div>\n        <div class=\"hc-step-body\">\n          <h3>Read the deed type on the tapu first<\/h3>\n          <p>Before you ask anyone anything, look at the title deed and establish whether it records <em>kat irtifak&#305;<\/em> or <em>kat m&uuml;lkiyeti<\/em>. If it says kat irtifak&#305;, you already know the building has not completed the occupancy process &mdash; the question is only why, and whether it is going to.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"hc-step\">\n        <div class=\"hc-step-num\">2<\/div>\n        <div class=\"hc-step-body\">\n          <h3>Ask which iskan exists &mdash; building, unit, or neither<\/h3>\n          <p>Put the question in those precise terms and make the seller answer it precisely. &ldquo;Yes, there is iskan&rdquo; is not an answer. You want to know whether <em>genel iskan<\/em> exists for the building, whether <em>ferdi iskan<\/em> exists for your specific unit, and to see the document in each case.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"hc-step\">\n        <div class=\"hc-step-num\">3<\/div>\n        <div class=\"hc-step-body\">\n          <h3>Verify it against the municipality, not the seller<\/h3>\n          <p>A certificate you have been handed is a claim; a certificate confirmed against the issuing district municipality&rsquo;s records is a fact. Your lawyer does this. It also establishes that the document relates to the building and unit you are actually buying, which a photograph on a phone does not.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"hc-step\">\n        <div class=\"hc-step-num\">4<\/div>\n        <div class=\"hc-step-body\">\n          <h3>Compare the building as built against the approved project<\/h3>\n          <p>Occupancy permits are refused where what was built departs from what was approved &mdash; an enclosed balcony, an extra storey, a converted roof space. If there is a discrepancy, establish whether it can be regularised and at whose cost, in writing, before you commit.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"hc-step\">\n        <div class=\"hc-step-num\">5<\/div>\n        <div class=\"hc-step-body\">\n          <h3>Check what the utility meters are actually on<\/h3>\n          <p>Ask to see a recent electricity and water bill. A construction-tariff bill is direct evidence that the building is running on temporary connections, whatever anyone has told you about the paperwork. This is the single most reliable cross-check available to a buyer.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"hc-step\">\n        <div class=\"hc-step-num\">6<\/div>\n        <div class=\"hc-step-body\">\n          <h3>If it is missing, put it in the contract<\/h3>\n          <p>Where you still want the property, do not proceed on a promise. Make obtaining the habitation certificate a contractual obligation of the seller or developer, with a deadline and a retained portion of the price tied to it. Compulsory earthquake insurance (DASK) must also be in place before the Land Registry will complete a transfer.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<section class=\"hcs hcg\">\n  <div class=\"hcc hcct\">\n    <span class=\"hct\">What It Unlocks<\/span>\n    <h2 class=\"hc-title\">Six things the habitation certificate makes possible<\/h2>\n    <p class=\"hc-sub\">Each of these is closed, restricted or more expensive without it.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"hcc\">\n    <div class=\"hc-protect\">\n      <div class=\"hc-pc\">\n        <span class=\"hc-pc-icon\">&#9889;<\/span>\n        <h3>Permanent utility subscriptions<\/h3>\n        <p>Electricity, water and natural gas in your own name on residential tariffs, rather than an inherited construction connection charged at a higher rate.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"hc-pc\">\n        <span class=\"hc-pc-icon\">&#128220;<\/span>\n        <h3>Full condominium title<\/h3>\n        <p>Conversion from kat irtifak&#305; to kat m&uuml;lkiyeti, so the deed records your apartment as an independent unit rather than a share of the underlying land.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"hc-pc\">\n        <span class=\"hc-pc-icon\">&#127974;<\/span>\n        <h3>Access to mortgage finance<\/h3>\n        <p>Lending against a certified, completed building &mdash; both for you now and for the buyer you will eventually sell to.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"hc-pc\">\n        <span class=\"hc-pc-icon\">&#127958;&#65039;<\/span>\n        <h3>Short-term rental permits<\/h3>\n        <p>The licensing route for holiday letting depends on the building being properly certified. Without it, the investment case you bought on may not be available.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"hc-pc\">\n        <span class=\"hc-pc-icon\">&#127959;&#65039;<\/span>\n        <h3>Confirmation it was built as approved<\/h3>\n        <p>The certificate is issued only after inspection against the approved project. It is the closest thing to an official statement that the building is what it was permitted to be.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"hc-pc\">\n        <span class=\"hc-pc-icon\">&#128200;<\/span>\n        <h3>A larger pool of future buyers<\/h3>\n        <p>Every restriction that applies to you passes to your successor. A certified building sells into the whole market; an uncertified one sells into part of it.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<section class=\"hcs\">\n  <div class=\"hcc hcct\">\n    <span class=\"hct\">Side By Side<\/span>\n    <h2 class=\"hc-title\">Kat irtifak&#305; vs. kat m&uuml;lkiyeti<\/h2>\n    <p class=\"hc-sub\">The two deed types you will meet in Turkey, and what the habitation certificate has to do with the difference.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"hcc\">\n    <div class=\"hc-compare-wrap\">\n      <table class=\"hc-compare\">\n        <thead>\n          <tr><th>&nbsp;<\/th><th>Kat irtifak&#305; (construction servitude)<\/th><th>Kat m&uuml;lkiyeti (condominium ownership)<\/th><\/tr>\n        <\/thead>\n        <tbody>\n          <tr><td><strong>Building status<\/strong><\/td><td>Not yet completed in legal terms<\/td><td>Completed and signed off<\/td><\/tr>\n          <tr><td><strong>Habitation certificate obtained<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"no\">No<\/td><td class=\"yes\">Yes<\/td><\/tr>\n          <tr><td><strong>What the deed records<\/strong><\/td><td>A share in the land (arsa pay&#305;)<\/td><td>Your apartment as an independent unit<\/td><\/tr>\n          <tr><td><strong>Permanent utility subscriptions<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"no\">Not available<\/td><td class=\"yes\">Available<\/td><\/tr>\n          <tr><td><strong>Utility tariff in practice<\/strong><\/td><td>Construction tariff &mdash; charged at a higher rate<\/td><td>Residential tariff<\/td><\/tr>\n          <tr><td><strong>Mortgage finance<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"no\">Materially harder to arrange<\/td><td class=\"yes\">Standard<\/td><\/tr>\n          <tr><td><strong>Short-term rental licensing<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"no\">Restricted<\/td><td class=\"yes\">Route available<\/td><\/tr>\n          <tr><td><strong>Can you legally own and sell it<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"yes\">Yes &mdash; it is real, registered ownership<\/td><td class=\"yes\">Yes<\/td><\/tr>\n          <tr><td><strong>Typical price<\/strong><\/td><td>Often lower, reflecting the risk<\/td><td>Reflects a completed, certified asset<\/td><\/tr>\n          <tr><td><strong>Legal certainty<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"no\">Depends on completion actually happening<\/td><td class=\"yes\">Settled<\/td><\/tr>\n        <\/tbody>\n      <\/table>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hc-body\" style=\"margin-top:32px;\">\n      <p>It is worth being fair about kat irtifak&#305;: it is not a scam and it is not fake ownership. It is the normal, lawful way that off-plan and newly built property is held in Turkey between the building permit and the occupancy permit. Thousands of entirely sound transactions run through it every year, and buyers who purchase early in a development often get a better price precisely because they are accepting that intermediate status.<\/p>\n      <p>The mistake is not buying under kat irtifak&#305;. The mistake is buying under kat irtifak&#305; <em>without realising it<\/em>, or without any contractual protection covering what happens if the habitation certificate never arrives. A deed that says kat irtifak&#305; on a building finished five years ago is telling you something quite different from the same deed on a block still under construction &mdash; the first is a warning, the second is just a stage.<\/p>\n      <p>If you are looking at newly built stock, our guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/apartments-for-sale-in-turkey\/\">reading a Turkish listing and a title deed<\/a> covers what else to look for on the page, and <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/land-for-sale-in-turkey\/\">buying land in Turkey<\/a> deals with the equivalent questions for plots. Buyers pursuing an immigration outcome should note that the property still has to be a sound property: see our guide to what the <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/turkey-golden-visa\/\">&ldquo;Turkey golden visa&rdquo; label actually covers<\/a>. The wider <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/turkey-property-guides\/\">library of Turkey property guides<\/a> covers the rest of the process, and <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/property-taxes-in-turkey\/\">property taxes in Turkey<\/a> deals with what you pay once you own.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"hc-hbox\">\n        <strong>Confirm current figures before you rely on them.<\/strong> Municipal fees, penalties, processing times and utility tariffs connected to the habitation certificate are set locally and revised regularly. This guide deliberately describes the mechanism rather than quoting amounts. Check the current position for your specific municipality with a licensed Turkish adviser before you commit funds.\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<div class=\"hc-cta-strip\">\n  <div class=\"hcc\">\n    <div class=\"hc-cta-in\">\n      <div>\n        <h3>Not sure whether your building has iskan?<\/h3>\n        <p>Send us the address and the title deed. We will establish which certificate exists, verify it against the municipality, and tell you plainly what is missing.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/contact\/\" class=\"hcbtn\">Request a title check &rarr;<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<section class=\"hcs\">\n  <div class=\"hcc hcct\">\n    <span class=\"hct\">Questions<\/span>\n    <h2 class=\"hc-title\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n    <p class=\"hc-sub\">The questions foreign buyers ask most often, answered plainly.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"hcc\">\n    <div class=\"hc-faq-list\">\n      <div class=\"hc-faq-item\">\n        <div class=\"hc-faq-q\" onclick=\"hcFaq(this)\"><span>What is iskan in Turkey?<\/span><span class=\"hc-faq-icon\">+<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"hc-faq-a\">Iskan is the everyday Turkish term for the yap\u0131 kullanma izin belgesi \u2014 the building use permit, usually translated as the habitation certificate or occupancy permit. It is issued by the district municipality once a completed building has been inspected and found to comply with the project that was approved before construction began. Its legal basis is Article 30 of Zoning Law No. 3194, dated 9 May 1985, which sits alongside Article 20 requiring a building permit before construction starts. In short, the title deed says who owns the property; the habitation certificate says the building is legally finished and fit to be used.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"hc-faq-item\">\n        <div class=\"hc-faq-q\" onclick=\"hcFaq(this)\"><span>What is the difference between building iskan and unit iskan?<\/span><span class=\"hc-faq-icon\">+<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"hc-faq-a\">Building iskan (genel iskan) is issued for a building as a whole and confirms that the completed structure complies with its approved project. Unit iskan (ferdi iskan) is issued for one individual apartment within a building. The distinction matters because a seller can truthfully say the apartment has iskan while the building as a whole does not, or that the building is certified while your specific unit has never been individually certified. Always ask which of the two exists, ask to see the actual document, and have it verified against the municipality&#x27;s own records rather than accepting a photograph.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"hc-faq-item\">\n        <div class=\"hc-faq-q\" onclick=\"hcFaq(this)\"><span>Can I buy a property in Turkey that has no habitation certificate?<\/span><span class=\"hc-faq-icon\">+<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"hc-faq-a\">Yes \u2014 it is lawful to buy and to own property held under kat irtifak\u0131, the construction servitude that applies before a building&#x27;s occupancy permit is issued. This is the normal way off-plan and newly completed property is held in Turkey, and it is not fake ownership. The risk is not the deed type itself but buying under it without realising, or without contractual protection. A kat irtifak\u0131 deed on a block still under construction is simply a stage in the process; the same deed on a building finished years ago is a warning that something has prevented certification.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"hc-faq-item\">\n        <div class=\"hc-faq-q\" onclick=\"hcFaq(this)\"><span>Can I get electricity and water without iskan in Turkey?<\/span><span class=\"hc-faq-icon\">+<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"hc-faq-a\">Not on a permanent residential basis. A property without a habitation certificate cannot be connected to permanent residential electricity, water or natural gas supply. What normally exists instead is the temporary construction connection (\u015fantiye) arranged by the developer during building works, and construction tariffs are charged at a higher rate than residential ones, so you pay more for the same consumption. The arrangement is also insecure: where the certificate is not obtained within the permitted period, utility providers are entitled to suspend supply. Checking a recent utility bill is the most reliable cross-check a buyer has.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"hc-faq-item\">\n        <div class=\"hc-faq-q\" onclick=\"hcFaq(this)\"><span>What is the difference between kat irtifak\u0131 and kat m\u00fclkiyeti?<\/span><span class=\"hc-faq-icon\">+<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"hc-faq-a\">Kat irtifak\u0131 is construction servitude, which applies while a building is legally unfinished \u2014 your right is recorded as a share in the underlying land (arsa pay\u0131) rather than as ownership of a defined apartment. Kat m\u00fclkiyeti is full condominium ownership, where each independent unit appears on the deed as a separate ownership unit. The habitation certificate is among the essential conditions for converting kat irtifak\u0131 into kat m\u00fclkiyeti, which is why the two questions are really one question: without the occupancy permit, the upgrade cannot happen.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"hc-faq-item\">\n        <div class=\"hc-faq-q\" onclick=\"hcFaq(this)\"><span>Does a missing iskan affect a mortgage or reselling the property?<\/span><span class=\"hc-faq-icon\">+<\/span><\/div>\n        <div class=\"hc-faq-a\">Both. Turkish banks lend against completed, certified buildings, so where the habitation certificate is absent financing becomes materially harder to arrange \u2014 and that constraint passes to any future buyer who needs a mortgage, shrinking the pool of people able to purchase from you. Short-term rental licensing also depends on proper certification, so an apartment bought as a holiday-let investment may not be lettable on that basis. If you still want the property, make obtaining the certificate a contractual obligation of the seller with a deadline and a retained portion of the price attached to it.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<section class=\"hc-contact\" id=\"hc-contact\">\n  <div class=\"hcc\">\n    <div class=\"hc-contact-inner\">\n      <div>\n        <span style=\"display:inline-block;background:rgba(255,255,255,.15);color:#fff!important;font-size:.68rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:5px 15px;border-radius:100px;margin-bottom:18px;\">Buy With Confidence<\/span>\n        <h2 style=\"font-family:'Playfair Display',serif;font-size:clamp(1.5rem,4vw,2.1rem);color:#fff!important;margin-bottom:10px;line-height:1.2;\">Have the certificate verified before you commit<\/h2>\n        <p style=\"color:rgba(255,255,255,.72)!important;font-size:.93rem;line-height:1.75;margin-bottom:24px;\">Send us the property and we will establish which habitation certificate exists, confirm it against the issuing municipality, check the deed type on the tapu and tell you exactly what is outstanding. We work with licensed Turkish conveyancers, and every transaction settles through the secure payment system.<\/p>\n        <div class=\"hc-contact-meta\">\n          <div class=\"hc-ci\"><span>&#128220;<\/span><span class=\"hc-ci-text\"><strong style=\"color:#fff!important;display:block;margin-bottom:2px;\">Title &amp; Due Diligence<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/legal-services\/\">Legal services &rarr;<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"hc-ci\"><span>&#127465;&#127472;<\/span><span class=\"hc-ci-text\"><strong style=\"color:#fff!important;display:block;margin-bottom:2px;\">Citizenship by Investment<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/turkish-citizenship\/\">Turkish citizenship programme &rarr;<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"hc-ci\"><span>&#127758;<\/span><span class=\"hc-ci-text\"><strong style=\"color:#fff!important;display:block;margin-bottom:2px;\">Offices<\/strong><span>Dubai &middot; Istanbul &middot; Moscow<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div style=\"margin-top:24px;\">\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/contact\/\" class=\"hcbg\">Get in Touch &rarr;<\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"hc-form-wrap\">\n        <iframe aria-label=\"Contact Us\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"height:520px;width:100%;border:none;display:block;\" data-src=\"https:\/\/forms.zohopublic.com\/elchintru1\/form\/ContactUs\/formperma\/_DensyNXfgDItjE-TsZ92uQERcSIhTnizr-QPf3wrBk\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" data-load-mode=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<div class=\"hc-footer-strip\">\n  &copy; 2026 TruProperty Turkey &middot; Dubai &middot; Istanbul &middot; Moscow<br>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/buyer-guide\/\">Buyer&rsquo;s Guide<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/turkish-citizenship\/\">Turkish Citizenship<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/contact\/\">Contact<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n  \"@id\": \"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/habitation-certificate-turkey-iskan\/#faq\",\n  \"url\": \"https:\/\/trupropertyturkey.com\/habitation-certificate-turkey-iskan\/\",\n  \"name\": \"Iskan \/ Habitation Certificate in Turkey \u2014 Frequently Asked Questions\",\n  \"mainEntity\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"What is iskan in Turkey?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"Iskan is the everyday Turkish term for the yap\u0131 kullanma izin belgesi \u2014 the building use permit, usually translated as the habitation certificate or occupancy permit. It is issued by the district municipality once a completed building has been inspected and found to comply with the project that was approved before construction began. Its legal basis is Article 30 of Zoning Law No. 3194, dated 9 May 1985, which sits alongside Article 20 requiring a building permit before construction starts. In short, the title deed says who owns the property; the habitation certificate says the building is legally finished and fit to be used.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"What is the difference between building iskan and unit iskan?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"Building iskan (genel iskan) is issued for a building as a whole and confirms that the completed structure complies with its approved project. Unit iskan (ferdi iskan) is issued for one individual apartment within a building. 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The habitation certificate &mdash; iskan &mdash; proves the something is legally finished and fit to live in. Buyers who check only the first document are the ones who cannot get the electricity connected. &#128197;Updated August 2026 &#127963;&#65039;By [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":24589,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[140],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-46806","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.6 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Habitation Certificate in Turkey: Iskan Explained<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The habitation certificate Turkey calls iskan decides utilities, mortgages and full title. 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